In 1969, the automotive landscape was a fascinating mix of groundbreaking ambition and experimental explorations. While Ferrari was crafting the V12-powered 512 S Berlinetta Speciale – a wedge-shaped supercar that foreshadowed the iconic Lamborghini Countach – General Motors was quietly developing something entirely different: a tiny, electric vehicle called the 512E. Though largely forgotten, this “electric egg” offers a unique window into the early days of electric vehicle development and foreshadowed GM’s renewed focus on affordable EVs.
A Tale of Two Concepts
The Ferrari 512 S Berlinetta Speciale was built for speed and performance, a symbol of automotive excess. Conversely, GM’s 512E was a purposefully modest creation. Designed for urban environments and displayed as part of GM’s broader family of experimental microcars at the Transpo ’72 trade show, the 512E wasn’t about breaking speed records. It represented a vision for efficient, compact, and electric transportation.
Small in Every Dimension
Just how small was the 512E? Its dimensions were remarkable, especially considering it predates the modern Smart ForTwo. Measuring a mere 86.3 inches long and 56 inches wide, it was a full foot shorter and 3 inches narrower than the Smart car.
Unique Design for Easy Access
Accessing the 512E’s interior was an experience in itself. It featured an unusual design combining a lift-up canopy reminiscent of a helmet visor and side-hinged front doors that evoked the style of mobility-impaired bathtubs. The car’s tiny wheels, outfitted with chunky tires, gave it a distinctly retro feel.
Slow and Steady
The 512E’s performance wasn’t exactly thrilling. It could reach a top speed of just 30 mph in 12 seconds – a speed that, surprisingly, is comparable to the modern Citroen Ami, another city-focused EV with a similar speed limit. While the Ami boasts a 47-mile range, the 512E edges it out by 11 miles, though charging takes significantly longer: seven hours compared to the Ami’s four.
Old Technology, New Ideas
The difference in charging times highlights a key distinction: the batteries. The Ami utilizes modern lithium-ion technology, while the 512E relies on older lead-acid packs from Delco-Remy. Despite the outdated battery tech, the fiberglass-bodied 512E weighed in at a surprisingly light 1,250 lbs, just slightly heavier than the 1,065 lb Ami.
A Prototype’s Legacy
The 512E never made it to Chevrolet dealerships in the 1970s or 1980s. However, it wasn’t a sign that GM had abandoned the concept of small electric cars. The subsequent unveiling of the Impact EV concept and its later production as the EV1 proved that GM continued to explore electric vehicle technology.
Looking Ahead
Half a century later, GM is returning to the electric vehicle game with the upcoming 2027 Bolt. The 512E serves as a reminder of GM’s early experimentation and innovation in the EV space. It’s easy to imagine how much more engaging the new Bolt might be with a touch of that 1970s flair, perhaps even a nod to the 512E’s unique flip-up canopy.
The 512E wasn’t about high performance, but about demonstrating the potential of small, efficient electric transportation – a vision that resonates even today
